SOD enzymes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide (O 2 •-), generating hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), and PRXs convert H 2 O 2 into water. H 2 O 2 can react with redox-active metals (e.g., iron) to generate the hydroxy radical (OH • ) through the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O − 2) anion radical into normal molecular oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Superoxide is produced as a by-product of oxygen metabolism and, if not regulated, causes many types of cell damage. [2]

We propose that mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is a major system converting diffusion-restricted superoxide radicals derived from the electron transport chain into highly diffusible hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).

Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an abundant copper/zinc enzyme found in the cytoplasm that converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Tetrathiomolybdate (ATN-224) has been recently identified as an inhibitor of SOD1 that ...

Jun 4, 2018 · In this review, we discuss studies in model organisms and humans, which reveal the dual roles of SOD enzymes in controlling damage and regulating signaling. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.

Oct 14, 2021 · SOD removes excess superoxide radicals (O2−) by converting them to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2). Several superoxide dismutase enzymes have been identified based on the metal ion as a cofactor.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important neuroprotective enzyme that converts harmful superoxide radicals (O 2 −) to the less toxic, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Three major SOD forms exist ( Fukai and Ushio-Fukai, 2011 ).

Sep 8, 2017 · Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that catalytically converts the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). In mammals, high SOD activity is detectable in sperm and seminal plasma, and loss of SOD activity has …

May 15, 2007 · Numerous reports of the effects of overproduction of SODs have been explained on the basis of increased H2O2 production by the catalyzed dismutation of O2-. In this review we consider the effects of increasing [SOD] on H2O2 formation and question this explanation.

Recent evidence suggests that in each subcellular location, SODs catalyze the conversion of O 2•− H 2 O 2, which may participate in cell signaling. In addition, SODs play a critical role in inhibiting oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide, thereby preventing peroxynitrite formation and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction.