Aug 4, 2021 · Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged...

May 20, 2012 · We found here that the activation of cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) resulted in the selective suppression of transcription of the gene encoding the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (Il12b) that was effectively induced by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) constitute distinct families of pattern-recognition receptors that sense nucleic acids derived from viruses and trigger antiviral innate immune responses.

May 20, 2012 · We found here that the activation of cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) resulted in the selective suppression of transcription of the gene encoding the p40 subunit of interleukin 12...

The engagement of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands leads to quantitatively and qualitatively unique cytokine production, showing that TLR pathway crosstalk enables the innate immune system to orchestrate immediate local and global responses.

Sep 30, 2011 · TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs are major innate immune pattern recognition receptor families. TLRs are cell-surface and intracellular located transmembrane receptors. NLRs are cytosolic receptors and also involved in inflammasome formation. RLRs are cytosolic receptors for viral RNA and DNA. These receptors are crucially involved in the pathogen...

A prototype of the TLR family, TLR4 was the first member to be characterized functionally and is the only TLR that uses all four adaptor proteins in signaling. Here we focus on TLR4’s ability to signal from the plasma membrane as part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-multireceptor complex.

Several classes of PRRS, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, while NLRs and RLRs are intracellular molecules.

Feb 1, 2021 · Here we present a detailed updated overview and novel insights into NLRs' functions in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, including TLR, RLR, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways, and highlight discrepancies in the reported findings and current challenges to future studies.

RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) are a family of DExD/H box RNA helicases that function as cytoplasmic sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within viral RNA.