Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an endoscopic minimally invasive procedure for the removal of kidney stones 1 cm in size or larger (Knoll et al., 2017). The abbreviations are PCNL or PNL. The synonym is percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy. Renal stones refractory to treatment with ESWL or …

Principles of the procedure. This procedure is performed to unblock an obstructed ureter, usually due to a stone. Under a general anaesthetic, a cystoscopy is performed and under X-ray guidance, contrast is inserted into the ureter giving a picture of …

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered a first-choice treatment for renal stones >2 cm. The treatment modality results in the best stone-free rate (SFR) compared with other minimally invasive techniques, such as shock wave lithotripsy and …

Percutaneous renal access is a key step for a successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy. It involves the use of fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, or a combination of both.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) plays an integral role in managing large renal stones. Establishing percutaneous renal access is the most crucial step in the procedure and requires a thorough understanding of renal, retroperitoneal and thoracic anatomy to …

Apr 1, 2021 · Nephropleural fistula is a rarely encountered complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Only 11 cases have been reported in literature to date. Often associated with supracostal punctures, the presentation is frequently delayed.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of isolated kidney stones. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 99 patients with isolated kidney stones treated in …

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is con-sidered a first-choice treatment for renal stones >2 cm. The treatment modality results in the best stone-free rate (SFR) compared with other minimally invasive techniques, such as shock wave lithotripsy and …

Jan 1, 2016 · Since the introduction of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), many changes have been added regarding the entrance to pyelocalyceal system such as insertion of the needle pointed to an opaque ...

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) technique was introduced a new era in the management of renal calculi, and day by day many changes occurred regarding the puncture points to an opaque stone as a guided landmark.