Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL21 gene. [5] [6] [7] Interleukin-21 is a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells.

Apr 22, 2014 · The cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) regulates immune responses and has potential therapeutic relevance in diseases including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases and allergies.

IL-21 is a type I cytokine produced by T cells and natural killer T cells that has pleiotropic actions on a wide range of immune and non-immune cell types. Since its discovery in 2000, extensive studies on the biological actions of IL-21 have been performed in vitro and in vivo.

Interleukin- (IL-) 21 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the activity of both innate and specific immunity. Indeed, it costimulates T and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and function and regulates B cell survival and differentiation and ...

Mar 28, 2015 · Interleukin-21 (IL-21), produced predominantly by CD4+ T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells, is a newly discovered member of the common γ-chain family of cytokines. It has been implicated in many immunological processes and has been linked to autoimmune diseases, allergies and other inflammatory …

Jun 27, 2023 · Structure-based engineering of IL-21 leads to variants that modulate pS6, pSTAT3, and pSTAT1 signaling. Engineered IL-21 variants enhance flu-specific antibody production in human tonsil organoids, with reduced off-target antibody production.

Elevated interleukin (IL)-21 is a common finding in the tissues and/or sera of patients with autoimmune disease. CD4 T cells are the primary producers of IL-21; often the IL-21 producing CD4 T cells will express molecules associated with follicular ...

Jul 26, 2022 · The formation and maintenance of germinal centers is fundamental to humoral immunity and requires interleukin 21 (IL-21). Quast et al. show that IL-21 independently regulates germinal center T and B cells and that its effects occur in paracrine, related to amount and outside the confines of the T-B synapse.

Feb 26, 2016 · IL-21 is a type I cytokine produced by T cells and natural killer T cells that has pleiotropic actions on a wide range of immune and non-immune cell types. Since its discovery in 2000, extensive studies on the biological actions of IL-21 have been performed in vitro and in vivo.

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a novel cytokine closely related to IL-2 and IL-15, playing a role in controlling the maturation and proliferation of NK cells from bone marrow. It works in conjunction with IL-2 and IL-15 to promote the growth of NK cells.