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Sea ice is a composite material made up of pure ice, liquid brine, air, and salt. The volumetric fractions of these components—ice, brine, and air—determine the key physical properties of sea ice, including thermal conductivity, heat capacity, latent heat, density, elastic modulus, and mechanical strength. [16]

Apr 3, 2025 · Sea ice loss has far-reaching effects on the planet because the ice helps regulate Earth’s climate, influences global weather patterns, and affects ocean circulations. Sea Ice Today began as a way to make sea ice science and analysis more relevant and accessible.

Sea ice plays a key role in polar ecosystems, providing an essential habitat for marine life and modulating the biogeochemical balance of the Arctic. The sea ice cover has long played a practical and cultural role in Indigenous communities of the North.

Sea ice forms, grows, and melts in salty ocean water. This sets it apart from other forms of ice like icebergs, glaciers, and lake and river ice. Icebergs and glaciers form from snow falling on land. Lake and river ice from fresh water.

Apr 9, 2025 · Sea ice concentration across the Northern Hemisphere on March 22, 2025, ranged from 15 percent (medium blue) at the margins of the ice pack to 100 percent (solid white) in the heart of the Arctic Ocean. The yellow line shows the location of the median ice extent on March 22. Median means “in the middle,” or halfway between the smallest and ...

Apr 1, 2025 · sea ice, frozen seawater in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas as far south as China and Japan and in the Southern Ocean and its adjacent seas surrounding Antarctica.

Mar 28, 2025 · The loss of Arctic sea ice has been dramatic, with a decline of about 60 per cent since 1900, most of which has happened since 1980. With less ice to reflect sunlight, more heat is absorbed by the ocean, contributing to changes in atmospheric and oceanic patterns. These shifts have been widely discussed in relation to extreme weather events in ...

Mar 27, 2025 · Dr. Boisvert compared the freezing and melting of sea ice between winter and summer to the heartbeat of the planet. The pulses between the winter maximum and summer minimum used to be shorter. But ...

Mar 27, 2025 · The image above shows the ice extent—defined as the total area in which the ice concentration is at least 15 percent—at its 2025 maximum, which occurred on March 22. On this day the extent of the Arctic sea ice cover peaked at 14.33 million square kilometers (5.53 million square miles), making it the lowest yearly maximum extent on record.