Jul 1, 2015 · In our study, we identified a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) in IRF3, with two interdependent basic clusters separated by a 7-aa linker.

Aug 10, 2023 · We focus on the latest regulatory mechanisms of IRF7 in IFN-I, including signaling pathways, transcription, translation, and post-translational levels, the dimerization and nuclear translocation, and the role of IRF7 in IFN-III and COVID-19.

Jul 1, 2020 · IRF3 and IRF7 are the primary regulators of IFN expression (9), but sometimes the other IRF members are essential for host IFN response. For example, mice deficient in three transcription factors IRF3/5/7 still use IRF1 to activate IFN …

Apr 14, 2011 · Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) was originally identified in the context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, and has since emerged as the crucial regulator of type I...

Mar 26, 2015 · We report compound heterozygous null mutations in IRF7, which encodes the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7, in an otherwise healthy child who suffered life-threatening influenza during primary infection.

Jun 5, 2015 · IRF7 activation is tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity; however, how IRF7 is suppressed by negative regulators remains poorly understood. Here, we have identified AIP (aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein) as a new binding partner of IRF7.

Jun 20, 2000 · The IRF1 and IRF2 proteins contain positive-acting nuclear localization signals (NLS) located immediately C-terminal to the DNA-binding domain, involving amino acids ≈120–140 . The IRF3 protein has a nuclear export signal (NES) specifying its …

Jun 15, 2018 · Our results provide evidence that activation of TLR7 directly induces the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3, which in turn suppress type I IFN production in pDCs by targeting IRF7 for ubiquitination and degradation.

IRF3 contains both a nuclear export signal (NES) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) that allow it to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm . However, the export of IRF3 is dominant, resulting in a greater pool of IRF3 localized to the cytoplasm in the absence of infection.

IRF3 and IRF7 are two primary regulators of IFN expression downstream of signaling pathways triggered by TLRs (such as TLR3/7/9), RLRs and DNA sensors (such as cGAS) (1). IRF9 is essential for IFN signaling and host antiviral state as a component of ISGF3 (11).