Apr 9, 2025 · HIV uses CD4 cells to multiply and spread through the body in a seven-step process known as the HIV life cycle. HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at …

The first step of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle—binding and entry into the host cell—plays a major role in determining viral tropism and the ability of HIV to degrade …

HIV can infect a variety of immune cells such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and microglial cells. HIV-1 entry to macrophages and CD4 + T cells is mediated through interaction of the …

Jan 17, 2025 · Upon infection, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) releases its cone-shaped capsid into the cytoplasm of infected T cells and macrophages. The capsid enters the …

Jul 27, 2024 · As the primary host cellular receptor for HIV-1 and HIV-2 is the CD4+ antigen, T cells and macrophages that express CD4+ are the primary viral targets. Envelope glycoprotein …

Aug 1, 2012 · HIV uses a complex series of steps to deliver its genome into the host cell cytoplasm while simultaneously evading the host immune response. To infect cells, the HIV …

In this review we will discuss general cell contact-dependent mechanisms that HIV-1 utilizes for its spread and the evidence pointing to cell-to-cell transmission as a mechanism for the …

Jun 19, 2018 · The new viral RNA and HIV proteins move to the surface of the cell, where a new, immature HIV forms. Finally, the virus is released from the cell, and the HIV protein called …

Unveiling the underlying cellular receptors and cofactors that lead to HIV preference for specific immune cell populations is crucial in identifying novel preventative/therapeutic targets for …

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is composed of two strands of RNA, 15 types of viral proteins, and a few proteins from the last host cell it infected, all surrounded by a lipid bilayer …