HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) belongs to the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. This enzyme can shuttle freely between the nucleus and cytoplasm and promotes tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by interacting with histone and non-histone substrates.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes which operate by removing acetyl groups from histones and other protein regulatory factors, with functional consequences on chromatin remodeling and gene expression profiles.

As a member of the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC9 catalyzes the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors, commonly leading to the suppression of gene transcription. The activity of HDAC9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally.

Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), a member of class II HDACs, regulates a wide variety of normal and abnormal physiological functions. Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events.

Jul 20, 2017 · Taken together, the present results demonstrate that the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HDAC9 plays a critical role in activity-dependent TC axon branching by affecting transcriptional...

The translocation of HDAC9 from nucleus to cytoplasm was induced by an increase of spontaneous firing activity in cultured mouse cortical neurons. This nucleocytoplasmic translocation was also observed in postnatal development in vivo.

May 2, 2003 · The HDAC9 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms, some of which display distinct cellular localization patterns. For example, full-length HDAC9 is localized in the nucleus, but the isoform lacking the region encoded by exon 7 is in the cytoplasm.

Aug 5, 2011 · HDAC9 localized in the nucleus, and its negative regulation of adipogenesis segregates with the N-terminal nuclear targeting domain, whereas the C-terminal deacetylase domain is dispensable for this function.

HDAC9 contains a MEF2 binding domain (BD) at the N-terminus, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a C-terminal catalytic domain (CD) and a nuclear export signal (NES) near the C-terminus.

Class II HDACs (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10) can translocate into the nucleus and respond to certain cellular signals they receive, exhibit tissue-specific expression, and shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm.