H2A histone family member X (usually abbreviated as H2AX) is a type of histone protein from the H2A family encoded by the H2AFX gene. An important phosphorylated form is γH2AX (S139), which forms when double-strand breaks appear.

Feb 4, 2010 · Phosphorylation of the Ser-139 residue of the histone variant H2AX, forming γH2AX, is an early cellular response to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Detection of this...

H2AX is a histone H2A variant that constitutes 2–25% of mammalian histone H2A depending on the organism and cell type (Redon et al. 2002; Rogakou et al. 1998).

Phosphorylation of H2AX plays a key role in DDR and is required for the assembly of DNA repair proteins at the sites containing damaged chromatin as well as for activation of checkpoints proteins which arrest the cell cycle progression.

Mar 30, 2025 · H2AX (H2A.X Variant Histone) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with H2AX include Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Among its related pathways are RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening and Packaging Of Telomere Ends. An important paralog of this gene is H2AC16.

Jun 1, 2024 · H2AX is a well-known chromatin modification event in DNA damage response and human malignancies. H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) is necessary for DNA repair protein assembly at damaged chromatin regions. Detecting double strand breaks with phosphorylated histone H2AX may help in cancer treatment.

When cells are exposed to ionizing radiation or DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are generated that rapidly result in the phosphorylation of histone H2A variant H2AX.

Feb 6, 2025 · Gamma H2AX (γH2AX) serves as an early marker for DNA double-strand breaks, acting as a beacon for repair proteins. Its significance extends to clinical diagnostics and treatments. This article explores the mechanisms of γH2AX, its formation, detection methods, and contributions to genomic integrity, offering insights with potential ...

In the first part of this review, we will briefly describe the intervention of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR) and its role in some pivotal cellular events, such as regulation of cell cycle checkpoints, genomic instability, cell growth, mitosis, embryogenesis, and apoptosis.

H2AX is a variant of the H2A protein family, which is a component of the histone octomer in nucleosomes. It is phosphorylated by kinases such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) in the PI3K pathway.