Typical stimulations leading to CCL2 expression include TNFα, IL-1β, and phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (PMA) treatment. Tumor antigens can reprogram inflammatory cells and promote tumor immune invasion via NF-κB-induced CCL2 production.

CCL2 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL2 tightly regulates cellular mechanics [5] and thereby recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. [6][7]

Endogenous TF regulates CCL2 production in endothelial cells. Secreted CCL2 mediates the angiogenic effect of TF by recruiting smooth muscle cells toward endothelial cells and facilitates the maturation of newly formed microvessels.

Jul 8, 2021 · Here, we studied the behavior of the CCL2 gene in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 breast cancer cells representing mesenchymal-like phenotype activated by TGF-β. Using bioinformatics, deletion screening...

Jun 1, 2017 · Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), is a chemokine that recruits immune cells to inflammatory sites by interacting with G protein-coupled receptor CCR2.

Apr 15, 2014 · CCL2 and CCR2 were found to determine the extent of macrophage polarization because CCL2 enhances the LPS-induced production of IL-10, whereas CCL2 blockade leads to enhanced expression of M1 polarization-associated genes and cytokines, and diminished expression of M2-associated markers in human macrophages.

Jul 14, 2024 · Our research identifies that the ablation of the Pim-1 proto-oncogene (PIM1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suppresses TAM infiltration and prevents them from polarizing toward the M2...

Apr 1, 2025 · Targeting ENSA-K63 lactylation or CCL2/CCR2 signaling reprograms the TME and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in PDAC preclinical models. This work provides critical insights into the metabolic-immune crosstalk in PDAC and highlights promising therapeutic strategies for overcoming immune resistance and improving patient ...

Mar 17, 2025 · CCL2/8-CCR2 and CXCL9/10-CXCR3 could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting patient response to TTFields and anti-PD therapy in NSCLC. Monitoring chemokine concentrations in peripheral blood and changes in the ratio of CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells could indicate an improvement in the immune status of cancer patients, which may be useful for ...

Mar 27, 2025 · It also acted as a transcription factor that regulated CCL2 expression at the transcriptional level. ERα/YAP/CCL2 signaling reduced M2 macrophages infiltration to inhibit HCC progression, revealing the effect of ERα in cancer cells on immune cells in HCC microenvironment. ... Chang Y, Deuel TF. Identification, cloning, and expression of human ...