Bilateral independent periodic discharges (BIPDs; previously known as bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges or BIPLEDs) are EEG abnormalities consisting of discharges that occur repeatedly with a quantifiable and nearly regular inter-discharge interval, and independently (asynchronously) over each hemisphere (Hirsch ...

Aug 11, 2024 · EEG is useful for evaluating patients with acute and chronic encephalopathies. The primary role of EEG in this setting is to rule out seizures as a cause of altered mental status.

We found 52 patients in our EEG database including 33 with BiPLEDs and 19 with GPEDs with different etiologies. Fourteen patients (eight BiPLEDs and six GPEDs) were associated with HE. Organized electrographic seizure activity was not seen in any of these EEG recordings. Nine (64%) patients had at least one EEG in

Clinical data on 18 patients whose EEGs showed bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (BIPLEDs) were reviewed and compared with those of 45 patients with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs).

Jul 31, 2020 · Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are characterized by electroencephalography (EEG) patterns with repetitive spike or sharp wave discharges that are focal or lateralized over one hemisphere and recur at almost fixed time intervals.

Jun 13, 2022 · The EEG is reactive when the change in response to a stimulus is reproducible (including at least two out of three stimulations). The following EEG changes don't qualify as reactivity: Eye-blink artefact. Motor artefact (including that stimulated by spinal reflexes). Electrographic seizure induction. clinical utilization of EEG reactivity?

Dec 5, 2018 · Investigators assessed the frequency of bilateral independent periodic discharges in patients experiencing electrographic seizures and their effect on patient mortality and clinical outcomes.

Purpose: Periodic discharges (PDs) are EEG patterns denoting brain dysfunction and ictal tendency. Their exact meaning regarding etiology and outcomes is not well known. In particular, bilateral independent PDs (BIPDs) are poorly described.

B(I)RDs were defined as very brief (<10 seconds) runs of focal or generalized sharply contoured rhythmic activity greater than 4 Hz, with or without evolution, that were not consistent with any known normal or benign pattern. The clinical history, EEG, and imaging results were retrieved.

No neurophysiological hypothesis currently exist addressing how and why periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) arise in certain types of brain disease. Based on spectral analysis of clinical scalp EEG traces, we formulated a general ...