Feb 4, 2010 · Phosphorylation of the Ser-139 residue of the histone variant H2AX, forming γH2AX, is an early cellular response to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Detection of this phosphorylation...

H2A histone family member X (usually abbreviated as H2AX) is a type of histone protein from the H2A family encoded by the H2AFX gene. An important phosphorylated form is γH2AX (S139), which forms when double-strand breaks appear. In humans and other eukaryotes, the DNA is wrapped around histone octamers, consisting of core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, to form …

In higher eukaryotic cells, DSBs in chromatin promptly initiate the phosphorylation of the histone H2A variant, H2AX, at Serine 139 to generate γ-H2AX.

Phosphorylation of H2AX plays a key role in DDR and is required for the assembly of DNA repair proteins at the sites containing damaged chromatin as well as for activation of checkpoints proteins which arrest the cell cycle progression.

When cells are exposed to ionizing radiation or DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are generated that rapidly result in the phosphorylation of histone H2A variant H2AX.

Upon DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction in mammals, the histone H2A variant, H2AX, becomes rapidly phosphorylated at serine 139. This modified form, termed γ -H2AX, is easily identified with antibodies and serves as a sensitive indicator of DNA DSB formation.

Jun 1, 2024 · H2AX is a well-known chromatin modification event in DNA damage response and human malignancies. H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) is necessary for DNA repair protein assembly at damaged chromatin regions. Detecting double strand breaks with phosphorylated histone H2AX may help in cancer treatment.

The histone H2AX is altered in response to double-stranded breaks in DNA in a way that allows DNA damage and repair mechanisms to be studied. This powerful tool has led to breakthroughs in both basic and clinical cancer research.

When DNA damage, whether it is endogenous or exogenous, forms double stranded breaks (DSBs), it is always followed by the phosphorylation of the histone, H2AX. H2AX is a variant of the H2A protein family, which is a component of the histone octomer in nucleosomes.

May 24, 2024 · Histone H2AX plays a key role in DNA damage signalling in the surrounding regions of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In response to DNA damage, H2AX becomes phosphorylated on serine residue...