Sep 1, 2002 · Interferons (IFNs) — the body's first line of antiviral defence — are cytokines that are secreted by host cells in response to virus infection. By inducing the expression of hundreds of...

In the first part of this review, we describe how viruses activate the IFN system, how IFNs induce transcription of their target genes and the mechanism of action of IFN-induced proteins with antiviral action. In the second part, we describe how viruses circumvent the IFN response.

Apr 1, 2019 · Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defence against viral infection. Despite the existence of at least 20 IFNs, there are only three known cell surface...

Oct 21, 2020 · Viruses use multiple mechanisms to by-pass the host IFN responses so that they can replicate and continue their infectious cycle. The present review will focus on how viruses interfere with IFN-I responses. Viruses can act at different levels of the signaling cascades involved in IFN-I responses.

During influenza infection, depending on the strain of IAV and the individual host, type I IFNs can have protective antiviral effects or can contribute to immunopathology.

Jan 23, 2015 · Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the...

Jun 1, 2001 · Studies of IFN-deficient cells and animals derived by gene targeting have demonstrated the essential nature of IFN-mediated innate immunity. The long co-evolutionary history of viruses with their hosts as seen the development of a variety of evasive adaptions that allow viruses to circumvent or inactivate host antiviral mechanisms.

Dec 12, 2020 · Type 1 interferon (IFN) plays a critical role in early antiviral defense and priming of adaptive immunity by signaling upregulation of host antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Certain stimuli trigger strong activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 …

Mar 18, 2025 · IFN-γ is a pleiotropic antiviral cytokine that coordinates innate and adaptive immune responses and induces both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive activities, limiting its use in the clinic. Due to its antiviral role, several viruses express proteins that bind IFN-γ, blocking its interaction with the IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR). However, varicella zoster virus glycoprotein C binds IFN-γ ...

Apr 17, 2014 · IFN-λ is much more potent than IFN-α/β at controlling rotavirus infection. In contrast, clearance of several other viruses, such as influenza virus, mostly depends on IFN-α/β. The IFN-λ receptor was reported to be preferentially expressed on epithelial cells.