Jun 17, 2019 · The expression of TOX significantly increased by day 4 of clone-13 infection, and approximately 80% of LCMV-specific P14 CD8 + T cells expressed high TOX by day 5 post-infection (Fig. 2a).

TOX is generally expressed by effector memory CD8 + T cells and is not restricted to exhausted T cells, whereas TCF-1 demarcates early-differentiated, memory CD8 + T cells.

Mar 7, 2025 · Stat5 opposes the transcription factor Tox and rewires exhausted CD8 + T cells toward durable effector-like states during chronic antigen exposure.

Jun 17, 2019 · We show that TOX is highly expressed in dysfunctional TST cells from tumours and in exhausted T cells during chronic viral infection. Expression of TOX is driven by chronic T cell receptor...

Mar 7, 2025 · Although transient TOX expression occurs during acute CD8 T cell stimulation, persistent T cell receptor (TCR) signaling drives nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity to induce prolonged high TOX expression (27, 30, 31).

Jun 17, 2019 · Our results suggest that TOX endows CD8 + T cells with longevity that facilitates long-term antiviral CD8 + immunity during chronic infection.

(F) TOX expression in antigen specific CD8 + T cells following influenza, VSV, or Listeria monocytogenes infection compared with LCMV Arm or Cl-13. (G) TOX versus PD-1 and quantification of TOX expression in activated CD8 + CD44 + T …

Progenitor-like CD8 + T cells mediate long-term immunity to chronic infection and cancer and respond potently to immune checkpoint blockade.

Sep 23, 2024 · Inhibition of CXCR4 by antagonists and transgenic mice enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy and attenuated the TOX-mediated CD8 + T ex phenotype via modulation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.

Dec 12, 2023 · Rewiring exhausted CD8 + T (Tex) cells toward functional states remains a therapeutic challenge. Tex cells are epigenetically programmed by the transcription factor Tox.