CD4 + cells are mature T h cells that express the surface protein CD4. Genetic variation in regulatory elements expressed by CD4 + cells determines susceptibility to a broad class of autoimmune diseases. [1] T h cells contain and release cytokines to aid other immune cells.

Jun 17, 2019 · TH1 immune response refers to the cytokine-mediated immune response generated by TH1 cells against intracellular parasites such as bacteria and virus, while TH2 immune response refers to the cytokine-mediated immune response generated by TH2 cells against large, extracellular parasites such as helminths.

Aug 12, 2000 · Th1-type cytokines tend to produce the proinflammatory responses responsible for killing intracellular parasites and for perpetuating autoimmune responses. Interferon gamma is the main Th1 cytokine. Excessive proinflammatory responses can lead to uncontrolled tissue damage, so there needs to be a mechanism to counteract this.

Sep 20, 2024 · Explore the distinct roles and mechanisms of Th1 and Th2 responses, their cytokine profiles, and implications in autoimmune and allergic diseases. The immune system’s ability to differentiate between various pathogens and mount an appropriate response is crucial for maintaining health.

As their name suggests, T helper (Th) cells provide helper functions to other cells of the immune system—especially the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells—and are important for their activation and maturation.

Th Cells or Helper T-cells are derived from CD4+ cells (a part of the immune system’s basic cell structure). The difference between these subclasses or subsets are the cytokines that induce their differentiation; master transcriptional regulators; cytokines they produce and secrete. We will discuss some of these cytokines in this article.

Mar 12, 2025 · Th1 cytokines drive cellular immunity, with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) playing key roles. These cytokines regulate immune activation, inflammatory signaling, and interactions with immune cells.

Th1 cells are the primary source for inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α/β. Th1 cells are critical in cellular immune response against intracellular microbes and viruses and they aid the activation of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells [55,59].

T helper type 1 (Th1) cells are a subset of CD4 + effector T cells that is required for host defense against intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens. Th1 cells develop from activated, naïve CD4 + T cells in the presence of IL-27, IL-12, and IFN-gamma.

Th1 cells are the principal mediators of immunity that eradicate intracellular pathogens and tumors. Their major effector cytokine is IFN-γ. IFN-γ from Th1 cells stimulates macrophages to phagocytose and generate oxidative bursts that aid intracellular killing of microbes.