CD14 acts a co-receptor in this process by directly binding to TLRs and by transferring LPS to the TLR-MD-2 complex. CD14 further promotes TLRs to engage with adapter proteins, such as MyD88, Mal (TIRAP), TRIF, and TRAM, to initiate intracellular signaling [25].

In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the internalization and intracellular trafficking of TLR4 and CD14, and also of LPS, in immune cells and discuss how dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal compartment contributes to the development of diverse human diseases.

We investigated expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and their transmembrane coreceptor CD14 in biopsy samples from patients with IBD and in non-inflamed gut mucosa from controls.

May 15, 2013 · Biochemical, cell imaging, and molecular docking studies showed that peptide binding to CD14 accelerates microbial ligand transfer from CD14 to TLR2, resulting in increased and sustained ligand occupancy of TLR2 and receptor clustering for signaling.

TLR4 was found to be expressed 2·5 times higher on CD14 dim CD16 + compared to CD14 + CD16 – monocytes, while TLR2 expression was similar in both subpopulations.

Dec 1, 2023 · CD14 is a co-receptor of Toll-like receptor (TLR)− 4, with a critical role in innate immune responses. CD14 recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharides, pathogen-, and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby facilitating inflammatory immune responses.

Feb 1, 2011 · Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus activates immune cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and CD14, whereas TLR-4 and MD-2 are not involved.

Surface receptors TLR2/4 and CD14 are essential for in vitro cellular activation induced by OMV-LPS and P-LPS, but the functional significance of these receptors during meningococcal infections remains elusive. OMV-LPS and P-LPS from the same meningococcal strain induced expression of TLR2/4 on monocytes and granulocytes.

We demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and sugar inhibition assays the physical interaction of ArtinM, TLR2, and CD14, which depends on recognition of the trimannoside that constitutes the core of N-glycans.

Sep 9, 2009 · We report that the response of microglial cells to fibrillar forms of Aβ requires the participation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the coreceptor CD14. The response of microglia to fAβ is reliant upon CD14, which act together with TLR4 and TLR2 to bind fAβ and to activate intracellular signaling.