We identify TGF-β as a critical regulator of IL-9 production by memory CD4 T cells and show that IL-9 production by memory Th17 cells was inducible by the combination of TGF-β and proinflammatory cytokines.

While TGF-β and IL-17 showed a positive and negative correlation, respectively, with fasting and postprandial glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), IL-9 showed positive correlation with urea and microalbuminuria. Apart from pro-inflammatory cytokines, T helper (Th) cytokines might play an important role in insulin resistance and DKD.

Jun 3, 2024 · IL-9-promoting transcription factors (TFs) can bind REs to increase locus accessibility and permit chromatin looping, or they can be recruited to already accessible chromatin to promote...

Our study demonstrates that TGF-β, together with IL-15, strongly enhances IL-9 production in Vδ2 T cells. We postulate that IL-9–producing Vδ2 T cells might have enhanced therapeutic efficacy upon adoptive transfer into patients who have cancer. Keywords: γ/δ T cells, human, interleukin-9, transforming growth factor-β. Abstract

Jul 1, 2010 · These data demonstrate the presence of IL-17 (+)IL-9 (+) CD4 cells induced by IL-1beta that may play a role in human autoimmune disease. The secretion of IL-9, initially recognized as a Th2 cytokine, was recently attributed to a novel CD4 T cell subset termed Th9 in the murine system.

Oct 9, 2017 · Here we show that the forkhead family transcription factor Foxo1 is required for IL-9 induction in Th9 and Th17 cells. We further show that inhibition of AKT enhances IL-9 induction in Th9 cells while it reciprocally regulates IL-9 and IL-17 in Th17 cells via Foxo1.

Nov 15, 2013 · Smad proteins may displace EZH2 directly from the Il9 locus, because Smad2 and Smad4 can bind EZH2. Our data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Th9 cell differentiation, revealing that the TGF-β-Smad2/4-signaling pathway regulates IL-9 production through an epigenetic mechanism.

Aug 26, 2024 · Th9 cells differentiate from naïve CD4 + T cells in the presence of IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β); however, our understanding of the molecular basis of their differentiation...

Nov 11, 2023 · Collectively, DUSP8 induces TGF-β–stimulated IL-9 transcription and Th9-induced allergic responses by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional repressor Pur-α. DUSP8 may be a T-cell biomarker and therapeutic target for asthma and atopic dermatitis.

Nov 15, 2013 · Complementary to two recent studies in which Smad proteins were shown to form complexes with either Notch or IRF4 to bind Il9 promoter and drive transcription of IL-9 (21, 22), our data support the concept that TGF-β signaling regulates IL-9 …