Sep 30, 2022 · Cardiac arrest can be defined as the “cessation of cardiac mechanical activity as confirmed by the absence of signs of circulation”. 1. There are 1 to 1.5 cardiac arrests per 1000 hospital admissions per year.

Oct 31, 2023 · Hyperkalemia refers to the body having abnormally high potassium levels. An excessive amount of potassium can cause a heart attack. The causes behind hyperkalemia can be endocrine disorders, kidney disease, diabetes, and metabolic acidosis. Hypokalemia can be defined as the opposite of hyperkalemia, wherein the body’s potassium levels decrease.

Cardiac arrest happens when the heart stops beating. When this occurs, the heart also loses its ability to pump blood throughout the body, thus interrupting blood flow. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are mainly the treatment for cardiac arrest.

During CPR, the early identification and treatment of any reversible cause of cardiac arrest is a high priority for advanced life support providers. The mnemonic “4H4T” may be useful to remind rescuers of what to actively consider and correct: Hypoxia; Hypovolemia; Hypothermia or hyperthermia; H yper/hypokalaemia or other metabolic disorder

Acidosis (h ydrogen cation excess) is an abnormal pH in the body as a result of lactic acidosis which occurs in prolonged hypoxia and in severe infection, diabetic ketoacidosis, kidney failure causing uremia, or ingestion of toxic agents or overdose of pharmacological agents, such as aspirin and other salicylates, ethanol, ethylene glycol and ot...

However, in practice while performing CPR often in stressful situations, it is difficult to remember all 4 “Ts” and 4 “Hs” causes (hypoxia, hypokalaemia/hyperkalaemia, hypothermia/hyperthermia, hypovolaemia, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, thrombosis, toxins), especially for medical students, young doctors and doctors not experienced in CPR.

“Cardiac” made up the largest category (44%), whereas “Total 4H4T” accounted for 29%. One fifth was categorized as unknown despite close scrutiny of clinical data (without autopsy). Two thirds of “4H4T” and one third of “Cardiac” causes were correctly identified and treated.

Apr 3, 2025 · For years and years healthcare providers have tried to solve the mysteries related to sudden cardiac arrests. The 4 T’s and H’s are the result of the ongoing research. Understanding the underlying triggers is the key to successful resuscitation. Let’s break down the …

Cardiac arrest is a serious medical emergency where the heart stops beating properly, causing blood to stop flowing around the body. Medical professionals use a simple memory tool called the 4Hs and Ts to quickly check what might have caused the cardiac arrest.

4Hs and 4Ts: Could you manage them all? situations. Identifying any reversible causes, commonly referred to as the 4Hs and 4Ts, times ranging from 16 to 95 seconds. There was little correlation between seniority or. outcomes for the patient1. It is well recognised that hypoxia and hypovolaemia are the. or ST1-3 level doctors.