Semu (Chinese: 色目; pinyin: sèmù) is the name of a caste established by the Yuan dynasty. The 31 Semu categories referred to people who came from Central and West Asia. They had come …

Next came the semuren (“persons with special status”), confederates of the Mongols such as Turks or Middle Eastern Muslims. The third group was called the hanren (a term that generally …

This paper examines the Semu artisans in the Yuan Empire, clarifying their origin, cultural significance, and the misunderstandings surrounding the term 'Semu ren'. It highlights the …

Most non-Mongols and non-Chinese in the Yuan Empire were categorized as Semu ren. Comparatively little work has been done on identifying exactly who they were, where they …

Marco Polo was himself a semu ren; born in Venice, he left in 1272 and travelled over land to the Yuan court with his father and uncle, eventually becoming a government employee in China …

It was further confirmed that the category of Semu ren arose out of a need to distinguish institutionally between Chinese and non-Chinese. Semu ren themselves were made up of …

Facing hostility from the Chinese, Mongol leaders employed a policy of ethnic discrimination by setting up a strictly enforced hierarchy of social classes, ordered in descending level of …

Mar 26, 2021 · Semu 色目 or semuren 色目人, literally "people of separate categories", was a Yuan-period 元 (1279-1368) designation for persons of Central and Western Asia (including …

Feb 14, 2013 · The Semu ren 色目人 in the Yuan Empire In: Ming Qing Yanjiu. Author: Stephen G. Haw. Stephen G. Haw Search for other papers by Stephen G. Haw in Current site Google …

Semu (Chinese: 色目; pinyin: sèmù) is the name of a caste established by the Yuan dynasty. The 31 Semu categories referred to people who came from Central and West Asia. They had come …