Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) use short-pulse lasers and state-of-the-art optical receivers and timing electronics to measure the two-way time of flight (and hence distance) from ground stations to retroreflector arrays on Earth orbiting satellites and the Moon.

Ranging (SLR) technique contributed significantly to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Moreover in terms of datum definition, some SLR solutions were used in the origin and scale definition of the ITRF. In this paper we will review the SLR contribution to the ITRF in

Jul 18, 2016 · The space geodetic techniques that contribute to the ITRF construction are Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), satellite laser ranging (SLR), and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI).

Mar 3, 2025 · The individual SLR solutions that contributed to the ITRF2020 combination product were computed by the following official International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Analysis Centers (listed in alphabetical order of their acronym identifier) using the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data obtained from the LAGEOS, LAGEOS-2, Etalon-1, and Etalon-2 ...

Following the procedure already used for the ITRF2005 and ITRF2008 formation, the ITRF2014 uses as input data time series of station positions and EOPs provided by the Technique Centers of the four space geodetic techniques (VLBI, SLR, GNSS and DORIS).

What is a Reference Frame? ... Why is a Reference Frame needed? ... Geo-referencing applications : positioning, navigation, surveying... ITRF: what are the challenges & questions ? Mitigating Technique systematic errors ? Is GPS free …

May 19, 2023 · The ITRF2020 long-term scale is defined by a rigorous weighted average of selected VLBI sessions up to 2013.75 and SLR weekly solutions covering the 1997.75–2021.0 time span.

generate an International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). These networks currently consist of 42 laser ranging sites, 407 GNSS sites, 45 VLBI sites, and 58 DORIS sites.

The objective of this web site is to distribute the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) products. ITRF94, ITRF96, ITRF97, ITRF2000, ITRF2005, ITRF2008, ITRF2014, ITRF2020 and ITRF2020-u2023 solutions are available for download. It also contains the description and list of all the IERS stations.

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique is one of the historical techniques con-tributing to the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). SLR delivers time series of weekly station positions and daily Earth Orientation Parameters (EOPs) that define the origin of the frame and, along with the products from Very Long