The Teutonic knights and crusaders charged across the lake and reached the enemy, but were held up by the infantry of the Novgorodian militia. [33] This caused the momentum of the crusader attack to slow. The battle was fierce, with the allied Rus' soldiers fighting the Teutonic and crusader troops on the frozen surface of the lake.

At the outset of the northern crusades, Christian monarchs across northern Europe commissioned forays into territories that comprise modern-day Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Russia.

Crusades against the Ottomans began in the late 14th century and include the Crusade of Varna. Popular crusades, including the Children's Crusade of 1212, were generated by the masses and were unsanctioned by the Church.

Mar 1, 2022 · An estimated 200,000 Georgians were mobilized to fight in World War I in the Russian Army. Though Khevsurs fought on the front lines of the war against Georgia's traditional Ottoman enemy, it's...

Oct 12, 2018 · The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones.

The Teutonic Order continued to rule Livonia and Estonia until the Reformation, at which point the Grand Master retired and became a protestant. For four hundred years Estonia and Livonia were ruled by crusaders. No attempts were made at forced conversion until Bertholt, Meinhard’s successor, led a band of merchants from Gotland against the ...

Sep 25, 2023 · Russian war crimes in eastern Ukraine should surprise no one. We see Ukrainians as patriots fighting desperately for their freedom. The Russians see separatist rebels and heretical apostates. We see a struggle to defend de jure sovereignty.

Mar 28, 2024 · The military conflicts between Rus’ian Prince Alexander Nevsky and the Catholic powers in the thirteenth century are commonly associated with crusading activities in the Baltic region. Yet it is striking that, although some crusader conquests of pagan...

Sep 26, 2015 · From their inception, the Western crusades to the eastern Baltic region were detrimental to Russian interests.

Mar 7, 2025 · [48] Giles Constable, Crusaders and Crusading in the Twelfth Century, Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2008, 197-204. [49] For a translation of this Charter, see Ibid., 211-4. [50] Hans-Deitrich Kahl, “Crusade Eschatology as Seen by Saint Bernard in the Years 1146-1148”, as cited in Housley, Contesting the Crusades, 111, fn. 53.