Dec 11, 2023 · In eukaryotic cells, ATP generation is generally viewed as the primary function of mitochondria under normoxic conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast, are regarded as the...

Jun 11, 2019 · Mitochondria are critical for the function and maintenance of myelinated axons notably through Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. A direct by-product of this ATP production is reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly deleterious for neurons.

Apr 14, 2022 · Mori et al. now identify ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key upstream cues for cell extrusion. Extrusion of transformed cells involves their competition with their …

Calcium is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and acts at several levels within the organelle to stimulate ATP synthesis. However, the dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca (2+) homeostasis is now recognized to play a key role in several pathologies.

Oct 1, 2020 · The mitochondrial electron transport chain utilizes a series of electron transfer reactions to generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. A consequence of electron transfer is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to both homeostatic signaling as well as oxidative stress during pathology.

ROS production by mitochondria can lead to oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, membranes and DNA, impairing the ability of mitochondria to synthesize ATP and to carry out their wide range of metabolic functions, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, the urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, haem synthesis and FeS ...

The first part of this review briefly introduces the structure and function of complexes I-IV and ATP synthase, including the specific electron transfer process in each complex. Some electrons are directly transferred to O 2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ETC.

Mitochondria are able to monitor their surrounding environment, including intracellular ATP, oxygen, ROS, Ca 2+, growth factors, etc. These organelles may change their properties in response to the changes in the cellular metabolism (signaling in).

Oct 22, 2015 · During the process of oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria utilize oxygen to generate ATP from organic fuel molecules but in the process also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Jan 11, 2024 · Mitochondrial respiration generates both energy (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Insufficient energy and increased ROS from respiratory chain dysfunction may be central to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and aging.