Transforming growth factor beta stimulates rheumatoid …
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta regulates the function of fibroblasts, and has been shown to have a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because several studies have …
Retinoic acid receptors interfere with the TGF- - Nature
Nov 6, 2003 · Transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β) and retinoic acid (RA) are important regulators of cell growth and differentiation. The TGF- β receptors utilize Smad proteins to …
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling is increased in ...
Oct 6, 2013 · The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of regulatory and inhibitory mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (Smad) proteins as markers of active …
Retinoic acid increases Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and inhibits ...
Aug 15, 2008 · Herein we show that RA enhances TGF-beta signaling by increasing the expression and phosphorylation of Smad3, and this results in increased Foxp3 expression …
Constitutive upregulation of the transforming growth factor-β …
Jun 26, 2007 · Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the microarray data suggested constitutive upregulation of components of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway in …
From the diet to the nucleus: Vitamin A and TGF-β join efforts at …
RA could enhance TGF-β signaling via the TGF-β signaling molecules, Smad2 and 3 and SBE (Smad-binding elements) and thus indirectly increase TGF-β-dependent Foxp3 induction. In …
Retinoic acid and TGF-β orchestrate organ-specific programs of …
Oct 14, 2024 · RA and TGF-β signals synergize to establish intestinal CD8 + T cell immunity. RA mediates intestinal T RM cell maintenance by limiting their retrograde migration. RA signaling …
Retinoic acid receptors interfere with the TGF-beta/Smad …
Nov 6, 2003 · Two classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoic X receptors, are involved in mediating transcriptional responses to RA. Given the …
TGF-β1 +869T/C (rs1982073) gene polymorphism and
May 1, 2021 · In RA, TGF is highly expressed in synovium tissue, synovial fluid, serum, and related to inflammatory activity. It regulates cell growth, inflammation and angiogenesis by …
Retinoic acid primes human dendritic cells to induce gut-homing, …
Jul 16, 2014 · RA primes dendritic cells (DCs) to express CD103 and produce RA themselves, which induces the gut-homing receptors α4β7 and CCR9 on T cells and amplifies transforming …