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  1. Copilot Answer
    Origins

    The genetic divergence of R1a (M420) is estimated to have occurred 25,000 years ago, which is the time of the last glacial maximum. A 2014 study by Peter A. Underhill et al., using 16,244 individuals from over 1… See more

    Phylogeny

    The R1a family tree now has three major levels of branching, with the largest number of defined subclades within the dominant and best known branch, R1a1a (which will be found with various names such as "R1a1" in r… See more

    Geographic distribution of R1a1a

    In Mesolithic Europe, R1a is characteristic of Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHGs). A male EHG of the Veretye culture buried at Peschanitsa near Lake Lacha in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia c. 10,700 BCE was found to be a carrie… See more

    Historic naming of R1a

    The historic naming system commonly used for R1a was inconsistent in different published sources, because it changed often; this requires some explanation.
    In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) prop… See more

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