Jul 20, 2018 · The increasing demand for quality steels led to the evolution of bottom pouring technology for casting of steel ingots. This process constitutes of a set up involving pouring sprue and runner system to deliver liquid steel into the bottom of one or more cast iron moulds.

Mar 25, 2025 · Steel - Casting, Alloy, Heat Treatment: The simplest way to solidify liquid steel is to pour it into heavy, thick-walled iron ingot molds, which stand on stout iron plates called stools.

During the pouring process, metal in contact with the ingot walls rapidly cools and forms either a columnar structure or possibly a "chill zone" of equiaxed dendrites, depending upon the liquid being cooled and the cooling rate of the mold.

Ingot casting is a system in which ingot molds are filled with liquid steel, then solidified. Prior to the development of continuous casting technology, ingot casting was the standard process to cast liquid steel into slabs, blooms, and billets.

Jul 15, 2023 · Steel ingot teeming is the process of molten steel being poured into a ladle and solidifies into a steel ingot. After molten steel is smelted in the furnace, it must be cast into a certain shape of ingots or billets for next processing. The process of molten steel into ingot in casting mold is often referred to as ingot casting or die casting.

Jun 21, 2018 · Depending on whether the ingot mold is filled from above or below, a distinction is made between top pouring (top casting or downhill casting) and bottom pouring (bottom casting or uphill casting). With bottom pouring the mold is filled from the bottom via a runner system.

This article discusses the methods, equipment, and theory for pouring, solidifying, and stripping steel ingots. It describes two basic types of pouring methods, top pouring and bottom pouring, and provides information on equipment such as hot tops, ingot molds, and stools.

Insulating and exothermic materials are put on the top ingot which ensures availability of hot metal towards the end of solidification. Both bottom pouring and top pouring of steel are used in ingot casting. Molds are water cooled. Killed steel solidifies in the ingot form as follows:

The remaining issues with contact pouring of bottom-gated ingots includes the use of pre-formed refractory tubing which is normally used to construct the pouring channels. These are made from fired clay, akin to the making of pottery. They are therefore often referred to …

Ingot casting is a metal casting process where molten metal is poured into molds to solidify and form ingots. These ingots serve as intermediate products that can be further processed through rolling, forging, or machining to create finished components.