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PTO consists in the substitution of a non-bridging oxygen in the phosphate of an oligo’s backbone with a sulfur atom. This type of bond can be introduced at the last 5 nucleotides at the 3’ and 5’-end, or internally. PTO bonds are not recognized nor cleaved by nucleases.

Feb 11, 2015 · Specifically, it alters the standard phosphodiester linkages of DNA by replacing one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms with a sulphur atom, resulting in a phosphorothioate linkage (figure 1).

In contrast to the well-known DNA methylation of nucleobases, DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification occurs in the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. The non-bridging oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom, which increases the nuclease tolerance of the DNA.

Nov 4, 2021 · Phosphorothioate (PT) modification by the dnd gene cluster is the first identified DNA backbone modification and constitute an epigenetic system with multiple functions, including antioxidant...

Oct 16, 2014 · DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification via the replacement of a non-bridging phosphate oxygen with sulfur is a well-known synthetic mechanism of stabilizing oligonucleotide therapeutic agents...

May 12, 2016 · DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification, with sulfur replacing a nonbridging phosphate oxygen in a sequence and stereo specific manner, is a novel physiological variation in bacteria.

The protein PO DNA complex contains a single DNA molecule (blue) and a PC4 dimer. The protein PS ASO complex contains two ASOs and four protein molecules, with the 5′ portion of ASOs potentially base-paired based on this ASO used.

Modifying antisense oligonucleotides, either as synthetic DNA or RNA, is key to prevent their nuclease-based degradation in cells and to increase their affinity to specific target mRNAs. Phosphorothioate (S-oligos/PTO) consists in a sulfur atom replacing a non-bridging oxygen in the oligo phosphate backbone.

Apr 1, 2019 · Phosphorothioate (PT) modifications of the DNA backbone, widespread in prokaryotes, are first identified in bacterial enteropathogens Escherichia coli B7A more than a decade ago. However, methods for high resolution mapping of …