registers are 32 bits wide, called EAX rather than AX operands and addresses that were 16-bit became 32-bit in 32-bit mode, e.g. ADD does 32-bit arithmetic prefixes 0x66/0x67 toggle …

pushl %eax subl $4, %esp movl %eax, (%esp) popl %eax movl (%esp), %eax addl $4, %esp call $0x12345 pushl %eip movl $0x12345, %eip; ret popl %eip Gcc dictates the rest. Contract …

Faults, like page fault and divide by zero, work much the same, but to different vectors. The kernel handles some exceptions internally, e.g. lazy-allocate page fault. The program can arrange to …

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Saved general registers:EDI, ESI, EBP, ESP, EBX, EDX, ECX, EAX; Other saved registers: EFLAGS, CR3; Stack pointers for receiving calls or handling traps at intermediate privilege …

movl $0xb8000, %eax; movb 0x41, (%eax) (or movb $0x41, 0xb8000) ex2: flag = 1 movl $0x1, _flag; SS:ESP, SS:EBP ex: pushl %ecx, pushl $_i; ex: popl %ecx; ex: movl 4(%ebp),%eax; …

• Example: ADD EAX, 10 • Other instructions: SUB, AND, etc. EFLAGS register • Test instructions: TEST EAX, 0 • Conditional JMP instructions: JNZ address . Memory: more work …

Oct 7, 2019 · As we can see, all the values are added into eax. We conclude that eax holds return values

There are many registers, but we mostly care about the following: • EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX are 32-bit registers used for general storage. • ESI and EDI are 32-bit indexing registers that are …

We propose a block-cipher mode of operation, EAX, for solving the problem of authenticated-encryption with associated-data (AEAD).