NADPH oxidases (NOXes) are one of the major sources of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they still are the focus of extensive research interest due to their exclusive function in producing ROS under normal physiological conditions.

Jun 1, 2021 · The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of …

The Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidases (NOX) family, considered a major source of ROS in eukaryotic cells, comprises seven members involved in various essential human physiological functions.

Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91 (phox)), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS).

May 18, 2022 · Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms...

Nov 1, 2014 · NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous homologue-specific mechanisms control the activity of this enzyme family involving calcium, free fatty acids, protein–protein interactions, intracellular trafficking, and posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation ...

Of the catalytic NADPH oxidase subunits (NOX), NOX4 is the most widely distributed isoform. We provide here a critical review of the currently available experimental tools to assess the role of NOX and especially NOX4, i.e. knock-out mice, siRNAs, …

NADPH oxidases of the Nox family exist in various supergroups of eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes, and play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes, such as host defense, signal transduction, and hormone synthesis.

We summarized isoform-specific activation mechanisms, transcriptional regulation, and physiological roles of NOX/DUOX-containing NADPH oxidases. Studies using gene-modified animals may further clarify the entire picture of their unidentified roles.

NADPH oxidases (Nox) have emerged as major sources of ROS in the vasculature, multiple Nox subtypes have been cloned and analyzed structurally and functionally, and the relationship of Nox enzymes to signaling pathways, cellular function and vascular disease has begun to …