Mar 3, 2006 · The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXes) plays an important role in the production of ROS in response to receptor agonists such as growth factors or inflammatory cytokines that signal through the Rho-like small GTPases Rac1 or Rac2.

NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), also known as cytochrome b(558) subunit beta or Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOX2 gene (also called CYBB gene). [5] The protein is a superoxide generating enzyme which forms reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Jul 20, 2021 · In this study, we show that the NOX2 oxidative burst is a result of autoactivation of NOX2 coupled with the redox function of Rac. NOX2 autoactivation begins when active Rac triggers NOX2 activation and the subsequent production of …

Representation of the NADPH oxidase isoforms. Despite their similar structure and enzymatic functions, the activation mechanisms of the NOX family enzymes differ. NOX1 activity requires p22 phox, NOXO1, NOXA1 and the small GTPase …

Mar 3, 2006 · The hematopoietic Rac GEFs Vav1 and P-Rex1 can activate NOX2. NOX1 is activated by the NOXO1 and NOXA1 proteins; NOXO1 is phosphorylation independent, but NOXA1 can associate with activated Rac1. The Rac GEF β-PIX binds and activates NOX1, although a role for NOXA1 remains to be demonstrated.

Feb 14, 2024 · Here we reveal the cryo-EM structure of the human NOX2–p22 complex activated by essential fragments of p47, p67 and Rac1, at a resolution of 2.79 Å. This structure shows how p47, p67 and Rac1...

May 5, 2008 · Here we use deletion analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and in vitro/in vivo activity assays to identify a Rac-binding regulatory site on Nox2. This site is conserved on the Rac-dependent NADPH oxidases 1 and 3 but not on other Nox family members known to be insensitive to Rac GTPases.

Jun 28, 2008 · Rac, a member of the Rho-family small GTPases, plays an essential role in gp91 phox /Nox2 activation . Among phagocytes, human neutrophils predominantly express Rac2, whereas both Rac1 and Rac2 are present in monocytes/macrophages.

Here we review the multiple roles of NOX2 in neutrophil functions, with a focus on description of its components and their assembly mechanisms. We then explain the role of energy metabolism and phosphoinositides in regulating NADPH oxidase activity.

Nov 1, 2014 · Rac binding sites have been identified in Nox1, Nox2, and Nox3 but not Nox4 [123]. Indeed, in leukocytes Rac2 cooperates with p47phox to bind p67phox to Nox2 [119] . A similar mechanism is operative for Rac1 and Nox1: The GTPase directly interacts with Noxa1 and simultaneously binds Nox1 [124] .