Jul 1, 2019 · Reducing the toxicity and increasing utilization of lead slag are important measures to solve the negative impact of lead slag on the environment. Here, we review the lead slag physical and chemical characteristics, as well as environmental impacts.

Lead is usually smelted in a blast furnace, using the lead sinter produced in the sintering process and coke to provide the heat source. As melting occurs, several layers form in the furnace.

Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (co-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (a by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous / base metals (by-products of recovering non-ferrous materials like copper, nickel, zinc and phosphorus). [2] .

Lead slag is a by-product of lead production process, mainly from two ways: lead ore smelting and waste lead-acid battery recovery (Ettler and Johan, 2014). The production of primary lead is a process of extracting lead from lead sulfide concentrate by smelting.

Lead-containing slag is the intermediate product of the lead smelting process and contains Pb and Zn. The Pb concentration continues to decrease with smelting progress, so Pb slag is divided into low-lead slag and high-lead slag [1, 2, 3, 4].

Feb 27, 2023 · Lead-zinc slag is a by-product produced during the smelting of Pb and Zn from their ores. This review study is conducted to evaluate the performance of using different types of lead-zinc slag as a construction material which addresses the problem of leaching and the conservation of natural resources.

Given the importance of lead battery recycling to the US lead supply this paper presents a review of lead slag chemistry and behavior, past experimental methods to study lead slags, and recent advances at the Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy. A description of the lead battery recycling process shown in Figure 1 is required.

Jan 16, 2023 · The results show that the bubbles with residual kinetic energy escape to the slag surface and cause slag splashing. The slag splashing height gradually increases with the increase in injection velocity, and the time-averaged splashing height reaches 1.01 m when the injection speed is 160 m/s.

A critical review of the technical literature on slag chemistry in lead recycling is presented. Laboratory methods used to improve our understanding of these systems is described. Ongoing investigations in the Kroll Institute for Extractive Metallurgy are presented.

Jan 25, 2020 · Lead is lost to the slag through two mechanisms, entrainment and dissolution. Entrained lead is present in the slag due to insufficient settling prior to the tapping of the slag from the furnace or forehearth.