Palladium catalysis enables an unprecedented, highly effective synthesis of γ-lactones from homoallylic alcohols in one step. The protocol affords aryl, alkyl, and spiro γ-lactones directly from readily available homoallylic alcohols in good yields with excellent functional group tolerance and high chemoselectivity under mild conditions.

In one industrial synthesis of oxandrolone the key lactone-forming step is an organic reaction – esterification. [11][12] In halolactonization, an alkene is attacked by a halogen via electrophilic addition with the cationic intermediate captured intramolecularly by an …

Mar 26, 2021 · This review summarizes the current knowledge on lactones, a class of biologically active natural products isolated from a wide range of living organisms. Butenolide, 5,6-dihydropyran-2-one, and sesquiterpene lactones display an impressive variety of bioactivities and are the most abundant in nature.

Many methods adopted for ester synthesis can be applied for Lactone synthesis. Methods include Shiina macro-lactonization, nucleophilic abstraction and Yamaguchi esterification. Lactones like γ-nonalactone,γ-octalactone, γ-undecalactone, γ-decalactone can be synthesised in a single step process. Lactone- Reactions.

Herein, we have reported synthesis of δ-lactones and ε-lactones via selective γ-C (sp 3)–H activation. The γ-C–H bond containing aliphatic carboxylic acids provide six or seven membered lactones depending on the olefin partner in the presence of a palladium catalyst.

At present, there are three major biocatalytic routes for the synthesis of lactones: (1) Baeyer–Villiger oxidations, (2) oxidative lactonisations of diols and (3) the reductive cyclisation of γ‐ and δ‐ketoesters. In the following these methods will be briefly outlined.

Lactone synthesis through the reaction of 2- (alkoxycarbonyl)allyl metal species to carbonyl substrates holds a main position for the synthesis of the α-methylene derivatives.

May 27, 2021 · Lactone-based derivatives, such as polymers, copolymers, composites or three-dimensional structures are also presented. The work is focused on the methods for the synthesis of lactones and lactones derivates, as well as on the special properties and application of the studied compounds.

Nov 15, 2014 · Lactones are important flavor compounds and find frequent application in the production of food and as building blocks in fine chemical synthesis. The microbial production of optically pure lactones benefits from the high selectivity of biocatalysts and therefore simplifies downstream processing.

May 26, 2022 · Yu and his team demonstrated the ease and utility of their new methods by synthesizing—from cheap dicarboxylic acids—two complex natural lactones, a fungal molecule called myrotheciumone A, which has been investigated for anticancer properties, and the plant lactone pedicellosine.