The interleukin 4 (IL4, IL-4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (T h 0 cells) to T h 2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, T h 2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4 in a positive feedback loop.

In this review we summarize current knowledge of the basic immunology of IL-4, describe how and where this cytokine appears to operate in normal brain function, and propose a hypothesis concerning its potential role in neurological pathologies. Keywords: IL-4, neuroimmunology, learning and memory, T cells, meninges.

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) was first identified as a factor that was produced by T cells and could enhance the proliferative response of B cells to anti-IgM and also was capable of inducible immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switch of B cells to produce IgG, particularly IgG1 1, 2.

Jul 31, 2024 · Using organoids and mouse models, we show that IL-4 directly acts on a subset of ATIIs to induce the expression of the transcription factor SOX9 and reprograms them toward a progenitor-like state with both airway and alveolar lineage potential.

In this review, recent advances in understanding these three IL-4-related branch points—alternative splicing of IL-4, differential receptor engagement by IL-4, and differential regulation of macrophage activation by IL-4—are summarized in light of …

Jul 1, 2003 · Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is crucial for the differentiation of naive T helper (T H) cells into the T H 2 effector cells that promote humoral (antibody) immunity and provide protection against...

Our findings establish that IL-4-induced epigenetic reprogramming is responsible for the development of inflammatory hyperresponsiveness to TLR activation and contributes to lung pathologies.

Sep 7, 2021 · In this review, we cover critical older information but also highlight newer advances. An area of evolving interest relates to the therapeutic blockade of IL-4 signaling pathway to treat atopic dermatitis and asthma.

Mar 6, 2020 · Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are well known for their key roles in type 2 immune responses, which result in resistance to helminth parasites and inactivation of toxins.

Here, we identify opposing roles of interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine signaling in interstitial macrophages and type II alveolar epithelial cells (ATIIs). We show that IL4Ra signaling in macrophages promotes regener-ation of the alveolar epithelium after …