Liquid crystal (LC) is a state of matter whose properties are between those of conventional liquids and those of solid crystals. For example, a liquid crystal can flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a common direction as in a solid.

A true liquid is isotropic, meaning that its properties are uniform in all directions— the result of its molecules being in constant random motion. Crystalline solids, in contrast, are anisotropic; optical- and other properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity vary with direction.

Mar 12, 2022 · When a property is the same in all directions, the material is isotropic. When a property varies according to direction, the material is anisotropic. The terms come from the …

A liquid crystal is a thermodynamic stable phase characterized by anisotropy of properties without the existence of a three-dimensional crystal lattice, generally lying in the temperature range between the solid and isotropic liquid phase, hence the term mesophase.

May 10, 2023 · Liquid crystals, a particular type of state of matter referred as the fourth state of matter, or mesophase, is a separate intermediate phase that some compounds create between the solid (crystalline) and liquid (isotropic) phases. These substances exhibit both solid and liquid-like characteristics.

Liquid crystals consist of anisotropic molecules and show a degree of order between the crystal and the isotropic phase. The least ordered liquid crystal phase only exhibits a one-dimensional long range orientational order. This is the so-called nematic phase.

Liquid crystals are anisotropic materials, and the physical properties of the system vary with the average alignment with the director. If the alignment is large, the material is very anisotropic. Similarly, if the alignment is small, the material is almost isotropic.

In a normal liquid, the molecules possess enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces and tumble freely. This arrangement of the molecules is described as isotropic, which means that it is equally disordered in all directions.

Liquid crystals are intermediate states of matter which flow like liquids, but have anisotropic properties like solid crystals. The formation of a liquid-crystal phase and its properties are determined by the shape of the constituent molecules and the interactions between them.

Liquid Crystals (LCs) are state of matter intermediate between that of a crystalline and an isotropic liquid. They possess many of the mechanical properties of liquid, e.g., high fluidity, …