The IP packet is carrying (encapsulating) some data in its payload. It could be a TCP segment, a UDP packet, an ICMP message, an EIGRP update, etc. When IP receives the packet from the …

The TCP/IP protocol stack is the communication language used to connect millions of computers that literally spans the globe. IP is one of the important protocols of the stack. In this article we …

The IP header starts with version (4 bits) and IHL (4 bits). The following IP packet shows the hex "c2 c2 0c 0c" at the beginning of the packet. That means "C" represents IPv4. But how does a …

Fragment Offset can hold 8192 (2^13) units but the datagram can't have 8192 * 8 = 65536 bytes of data because "Total Length" field of IP header records the total size including the header …

A few questions on IP header. 1. It's said the TOS field can be 3 bit IP precedence value or 6 bit DSCP. I've never seen IP precedence value on any captured IP packets. Where can I spot IP …

Another way to look at the IP protocol number field is, if we didn't have this field in the IP packet header, IP would only be capable of carrying one type of data, while adding this field allowed …

Internet Header Length – Indicates the number of 4-byte blocks in the IPv4 header. The size of this field is 4 bits. Because an IPv4 header is a minimum of 20 bytes in size, the smallest value …

If you see the picture you have ETH HEADER +IP HEADER + TCP HEADER + TCP MSS. YOU dont have IP HEADER + IP PAYLOAD . This is how TRAFFIC IN ETHERNET goes. i am sorry …

An IP header is limited to maximum of 15, 32 bit words (15 *4 = 60 bytes) and minimum of 5 ( 5 * 4 = 20 bytes) 32 bit words. What you see above are 5, 32 bit words, which is the minimum. …

The header may contain a variable number of options, so the IHL determines the real size of an IPv4 header. Another field , the Total Length defines the size of the packet ( Header + …