Sep 12, 2013 · In particular, Channelrhodospin-2 (ChR2), a light-sensitive ion channel, originally derived from algae, has found wide-spread application in neuroscience for controlled stimulation of different brain regions.

Oct 14, 2019 · ChRger2 enables light-induced neuronal excitation without fiber-optic implantation; that is, this opsin enables transcranial optogenetics. ChRs are light-gated ion channels found in...

Sep 8, 2014 · Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a microbial-type rhodopsin that can be genetically expressed to depolarize neurons with light. Thereby, this “optogenetic tool” delivers cellular specificity and elegant options for studying the neuronal basis of behavior in intact organisms.

Sep 1, 2024 · We specifically examined the D156H-T159S ChR2 variant, which demonstrated a tail current that was somewhat responsive to light and voltage, with a single-channel current of around 9fA, similar to wt-ChR2 as determined by stationary noise analysis.

Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants that are sensitive to different colors of light or selective for specific ions (ACRs, KCRs) have been cloned from other species of algae and protists .

Jan 23, 2017 · To investigate the effect on visual function of dual expression of genes with different wavelength sensitivities, we transduced a modified Volvox -derived channelrhodopsin gene (mVChR1) via an adeno-associated virus vector into transgenic rats harbouring the ChR2 gene in retinal ganglion cells.

Oct 15, 2008 · In Fig. 1, we show confocal laser scanning images of ChR2-YFP-expressing HEK cells (using 20× objective) and their activation process. ChR2 expression was identified by YFP imaging of HEK cells not incubated with ATR (Fig. 1 a) using a 514 nm Ar-ion laser beam.

Feb 12, 2018 · Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-activated cation-selective ion channel, has been widely used as a tool in optogenetic research. ChR2 is specifically sensitive to wavelengths less than 550 nm.

Oct 30, 2010 · Here we report detailed investigation of the gating kinetics and voltage-dependence of ChR2 transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells. Currents were elicited using light pulses of defined duration and intensity generated by a blue LED.

The properties of light-elicited currents of wt-ChR2 and ChR2 mutants in HEK cells. The peak and plateau currents for all mutants, except L132A/T59S and L132S/T159A, were elicited by a 1-s light pulse.