Male and female mandibles are distinguished by general size, chin shape, gonial angle and gonial flare [7]. Loth and Henneberg [8] observed a distinct angulation at the posterior border of male mandibular ramus at the level of occlusal plane.

The outward flaring of the gonial region of the mandible is said to be a male characteristic while a classical inversion of gonion is seen in female mandibles (Figure 2). ...

Gonial flare was everted in 89% males and inverted in 68% females. Mandible exhibits significant sexual differences. Various morphological and morphometric parameters are essential for sex determination in case of mandible bone. KEYWORDS: Mandible, metric, morphological. Identification is referred to as fixation of individuality.

Gonial angle has been used as an adjuvant forensic parameter, but its reliability is questionable, as the mandible does not follow one characteristic pattern. Gonial angle does show changes with dentition status, which may be attributed to physiologic function of the mandible.

The angle of the mandible (a.k.a. gonial angle, Masseteric Tuberosity, and Masseteric Insertion) is located at the posterior border at the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible.

Four traditional morphological parameters of mandible (chin shape, gonial flaring, contour of lower border and muscular attachments) were carefully observed for sex discrimination.

Nov 6, 2016 · • Gonial flare - everted in males and inverted in females • Muscle markings - more prominent in males as compared to females. Metric parameters:2,3,7 • Bicondylar Breadth (BCB) - The straight distance between the most lateral points on the two condyles. • Bigonial Breadth (BGB) - The straight distance between the two gonia.

Four traditional morphological parameters of mandible (chin shape, gonial flaring, contour of lower border and muscular attachments) were carefully observed for sex discrimination. An inter and intra observer error test using Kohen’s Kappa was also calculated.

• The lower gonial angle increases from horizontal, average and vertical growth pattern • The lower gonial angle in the present sample is less compared to Caucasians • The mean values in average growth in the local Chen-nai population were 127.03° ± 0.997°, 71.53° ± 0.9° and 55.17° ± 1.07° for gonial angle, lower gonial angle and

Male characteristics include gonial flare, a broad ascending ramus, a prominent symphysis, and a modest mental eminence. These differences arise from the impact of hormones on adolescent development of bones [ 8 ].