Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA 2), also known as GPR109A and niacin receptor 1 (NIACR1), is a protein which in humans is encoded (its formation is directed) by the HCAR2 gene and in rodents by the Hcar2 gene.

Apr 1, 2009 · The expression of GPR109A is silenced in colon cancer in humans, in a mouse model of intestinal/colon cancer, and in colon cancer cell lines. The tumor-associated silencing of GPR109A involves DNA methylation directly or indirectly.

Jan 16, 2014 · GPR109A (encoded by Niacr1) is a receptor for butyrate in the colon. GPR109A is also a receptor for niacin, which is also produced by gut microbiota and suppresses intestinal inflammation.

GPR109A activation results in G-protein–coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated self-phosphorylation and recruitment of β-arrestins. In addition to mediating GPR109A receptor internalisation and recycling, β-arrestins also directly mediate downstream signalling independent of the G-protein pathways. Niacin and Its Mechanisms of Action

GPR109A, a Gi protein-coupled receptor, has emerged as an important therapeutic target for controlling inflammation in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarized current data about the role of GPR109A in neuroinflammation.

GPR109A, a Gi protein-coupled receptor, has emerged as an important therapeutic target for controlling inflammation in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarized current data about the role of GPR109A in neuroinflammation.

Jan 31, 2023 · Effect of GPR109A on IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in liver, spleen, lung and kidney in CLP model. GPR109A can affect the formation of NETs, which plays an important bactericidal role in the early stage of sepsis.

Nov 1, 2009 · The discovery of GPR109A as a receptor for the antidyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid has included this receptor and its relatives GPR109B and GPR81 as part of many pharmaceutical research programs, and many new synthetic ligands with activity on this receptor family have been developed.

GPR109A was demonstrated to be responsible for the antilipolytic and triglyceride-lowering effects of nicotinic acid as well as for the major side effects of nicotinic acid, a cutaneous vasodilation called flushing [5,7]. The ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyrate was identified as an endogenous ligand of GPR109A [8]. More recently, GPR81 was shown

GPR109A, a G-protein coupled receptor for β - hydroxybutyrate, plays an anti-inflammatory role in RPE and its expression is upregulated in diabetes in mice and humans.