The "F-diagram" (feces, fingers, flies, fields, fluids, food), showing pathways of fecal–oral disease transmission. The vertical blue lines show barriers: toilets, safe water, hygiene and handwashing.

In 1958, Wagner and Lanoix identified the major means of transmission and produced what is now known as the ‘f’ diagram’. Barriers can stop the transmission of disease; these can be primary (preventing the initial contact with the faeces) or secondary (preventing it being ingested by a new person).

The F-Diagram [A.2] is a tool that illustrates the main transmission routes and the potential barriers to prevent faecal-oral transmission. Understanding the routes through which an individual can become infected helps to target interventions to reduce the spread of disease.

The F- diagram as proposed by Wagner and Lanoix [34] in 1958 (Figure 1 below) is a framework that is still used to understand how faeces in the environment can lead to disease transmission via...

However, to achieve optimal WASH practices and intervene at critical stages of cross-contamination as pictured by the F-Diagram to completely stop fecal-oral transmission and reduce the...

The F-diagram shows faecal-oral disease transmission routes. Faeces which are not disposed or stored safely represent a health risk for humans, since pathogens in faeces can be transmitted through many different routes to humans – i.e. flies, contaminated foods, fingers (unwashed hands), through fields (crops) and fluids (water).

Food and drinking water are significant routes in the oro-faecal transmission process, though pathogens could be passed directly from intermediary "Fs"-fingers, fluids which refers to drinking...

This figure comprises a schematic showing faecal–oral transmission routes and barriers to transmission. The diagram is known as the F-diagram. On the left is faeces. This label is connected via arrows to fluids, fingers, flies, fields and food. These labels are connected directly to a new host via arrows.

This diagram illustrates the main pathways. They are easily memorized as they all begin with the letter ‘f’: fluids (drinking water) food, flies, fields (crops and soil), floors, fingers and floods (and surface water generally).

The 'f' diagram illustrates the main pathways through which pathogens from faeces can be transmitted from a sick person to someone else. These pathways include fluids (drinking water), food, flies, fields (crops and soil), floors, fingers, and floods.