The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere (that is, it is the upper limit of the atmosphere) and extends from the exobase, which is located at the top of the thermosphere. …

Dec 10, 2003 · Mercury’s atmosphere is a surface-bounded exosphere whose composition and behavior are controlled by interactions with the magnetosphere and the surface. The …

Jun 1, 2007 · Mercury's exosphere is expected to have some features in common with the lunar exosphere, due to similarities between their formation mechanisms (Killen and Ip, 1999; Stern, …

Jun 16, 2017 · Many upper atmospheric density measurements extend well into the exosphere, as does satellite drag. Accordingly, we consider both the thermosphere and exosphere in this …

Oct 1, 2016 · More specifically, the surface components (mainly water) in atomic or molecular form are released almost stoichiometrically via ion-sputtering (Johnson et al., 2009); while O 2 …

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Mar 15, 2022 · This case primarily represents an H 2 O exosphere dominated by sputtering, but could, according to Leblanc et al. (2017), also be ‘within the realm of plausibility’ for …

Nov 15, 2018 · The very low exosphere-normalized C/H 2 O and C/N ratios of the exosphere are because C is recycled to the mantle more efficiently than H 2 O and N and/or because early …

Nov 15, 2007 · Rather surprisingly, the composition and structure of the tenuous lunar atmosphere, actually an exosphere, remain poorly understood almost forty years after the first …

Mar 1, 2015 · This paper describes the first orbital observations of Mercury’s sodium exosphere. Since its discovery almost three decades ago (Potter and Morgan, 1985) the sodium …