In bacteria that use an electron-transport chain to harvest energy, the electron-transport pumps H + out of the cell and thereby establishes a proton-motive force across the plasma membrane …

A common feature of all electron transport chains is the presence of a proton pump to create an electrochemical gradient over a membrane. Bacterial electron transport chains may contain as …

A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane. Proton pumps catalyze the following reaction: Mechanisms are based …

In the illustration above, we can see three sites in the respiratory ETC that function as H+ pumps. At these sites, the negative change in free energy of electron transfer is large and coupled to …

Sep 4, 2023 · In the electron transport chain (ETC), the electrons go through a chain of proteins that increases its reduction potential and causes a release in energy. Most of this energy is …

Feb 2, 2023 · Transfer of electrons by mobile electron carriers and proton pumping: As electrons flow through the chain, they lose energy, which helps to pump protons (H + ions) out of the …

May 20, 2015 · The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes the proton-pumping enzymes complex I (NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase), complex III (cytochrome bc …

An electron transport chain, or ETC, is composed of a group of protein complexes in and around a membrane that help energetically couple a series of exergonic/spontaneous red/ox reactions …

These reactions create a proton pump within complex I, pumping (or translocating) 4 protons from the matrix through the protein into the intermembrane space. The electrons now transfer to …

Apr 24, 2023 · Complex III pumps’ protons across the membrane while transferring electrons to cytochrome c, another mobile electron carrier. Cytochrome c transmits electrons to complex IV …