Estrogen receptors (ERs) are proteins found in cells that function as receptors for the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol). [1] There are two main classes of ERs. The first includes the intracellular estrogen receptors, namely ERα and ERβ, which belong to the nuclear receptor family.

Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans. Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system-related disorders (endometriosis, and breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer), ...

May 11, 2021 · Hormone receptor-positive (or hormone-positive) breast cancer cells have either estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) receptors or both. These breast cancers can be treated with hormone therapy drugs that lower estrogen levels or block estrogen receptors.

Estrogens exert their actions by binding to specific receptors, the estrogen receptors (ERs), which in turn activate transcriptional processes and/or signaling events that result in the control of gene expression.

The estrogen receptors, ERα, ERβ, and GPER, mediate the effects of estrogenic compounds on their target tissues. Estrogen receptors are located in the tissues of the female reproductive tract and breast as one would expect, but also in tissues …

Oct 4, 2024 · These cancer cells have special proteins inside called estrogen receptors. When hormones attach to estrogen receptors, the cancer cells with these receptors grow. A pathologist determines the estrogen receptor status by testing the tumor tissue removed during a biopsy. All breast cancers are tested for estrogen receptor status.

In this review we focus on several of the interesting recent discoveries concerning estrogen receptors, on estrogen as a morphogen, and on the molecular mechanisms of anti-estrogen signaling. Estrogens play key roles in development and maintenance of normal sexual and reproductive function.

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are proteins found in cells that function as receptors for the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol). ERs play a crucial role in regulating sexual maturation and gestation, contributing to the development and maintenance of reproductive functions and …

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a nuclear hormone receptor of pharmaceutical interest as a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, breast cancer, and other endocrine female disorders.

Jan 1, 2025 · Estrogen receptors (ESRs) are present within cell cytoplasm and membranes and can be activated either by the hormone 17β-estradiol or environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) [1], [2].