The geographic cycle, or cycle of erosion, is an idealized model that explains the development of relief in landscapes. [1] The model starts with the erosion that follows uplift of land above a base level and ends, if conditions allow, in the formation of a peneplain. [1]

The cycle of erosion by fluvial processes (run­ning waters or rivers) is called normal cycle of erosion because of the fact that fluvial processes are most widespread (covering most parts of the globe) and most significant geomorphic agent.

Davis postulated his concept of ‘geographical cycle’ popularly known as ‘cycle of erosion’ in 1899 to present a genetic classification and systematic descrip­tion of landforms.

Davis' theory is based on the idea that landscapes undergo a cyclical process of evolution driven primarily by erosion, tectonic forces, and climate variations. He outlined this process in four distinct stages: youth, maturity, old age, and rejuvenation.

Geomorphic cycle, theory of the evolution of landforms. In this theory, first set forth by William M. Davis between 1884 and 1934, landforms were assumed to change through time from “youth” to “maturity” to “old age,” each stage having specific characteristics.

His cycle of erosion suggests that (larger) rivers have three main stages of development, generally divided into youthful, mature and old-age stages. Each stage has distinct landforms and other associated properties, which can occur along the length of a …

An area on to which different exogenetic agents are operating and bringing the elevated land to the sea level and this is the cycle of erosion. It is important, therefore, to know what the exogenetic forces are.

The Davis’ model of geographical cycle of erosion was based on the basic concept of ‘sequential change in landforms through time like the evolution of an organic life.’ According to Davis landforms undergo sequen­tial changes through time (passing through three stages of youth, mature and old).

According to Davis, there are three major factors ( i.e structure, process, and time) that play important role in the cycle of erosion and landform development.

Walter Penck gave a geomorphological system model in 1924 also known as the cycle of erosion. According to Penk, Erosion of landforms starts with the start of the upliftment process. Upliftment and erosion processes go simultaneously.