Dry eye disease (DED) is common; its prevalence around the world varies from 5% to 34%. Its putative pathogenetic mechanisms include hyperosmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface and lacrimal gland.

Clinical and laboratory studies performed over the past few decades have discovered that dry eye is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be initiated by numerous extrinsic or intrinsic factors that promote an unstable and hyperosmolar tear film.

Aug 9, 2017 · the vicious cycle of dry eye disease. The core mechanism of DED is tear hyperosmolarity, the hallmark of the disease. It damages the ocular surface both directly and by initiating inflammation.

The purpose of this article is to review the evidence for the hypothesis that the core mechanism of Dry Eye Disease (DED) is inflammation, including evidence from recent basic, clinical and translational research involving human patients, animal models, and cell cultures.

Feb 13, 2024 · Dry eye is attributed to rheumatic diseases, diabetes, hormone disorders, and contact lenses, which activate inflammatory pathways: mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-B (NF-κB), promote macrophage inflammatory cell and T cell activation, and inflammation factors.

Dry eye is currently one of the most common ocular surface disease. It can lead to ocular discomfort and even cause visual impairment, which greatly affects the work and quality of life of patients.

The deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms that are altered in dry eye is opening novel perspectives for patients and physicians, who are seeking treatments capable not only of improving symptoms but also of restoring the homeostasis of the ocular surface.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition with complex and incompletely understood molecular mechanisms. Advances in multi-omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of DED.

Dry eye disease (DED) represents a heterogeneous group of conditions with tear film insufficiency and signs and/or symptoms of ocular surface irritation.

Apr 1, 2022 · DED is characterized by a loss of homeostasis, resulting in a vicious cycle of hyperosmolarity and instability of the tear film, damage to the ocular surface epithelia, inflammation of the ocular surface and the lacrimal gland and …