Oct 27, 2023 · Another scare in mines/caves is that gas bubbles can build up underwater and something like throwing a rock in an underground reservoir can release them, instantly …

Dead air underground can occur in various places, such as mines, caves, tunnels, shafts, or abandoned buildings. These places may have limited or no openings to the outside, which …

Jul 29, 2023 · From my understanding bad air is not extremely common in caves. When in doubt though, stay out. I've never been in a cave that doesn't breathe, and most of them have …

In the majority of cases, if a person has any of the symptoms of elevated carbon dioxide levels, a simple naked flame test will fail to ignite. This is a sure sign of foul air and it is time to get out. …

Elevation is the big driver in a cave's ability to breath. The large caves of the Eastern Highland Rim in Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia only have a thousand feet or so of elevation at …

Cave ventilation systems work by creating a flow of air within the cave to maintain air quality and remove harmful gases. The most common driver of airflow in caves is the density difference …

Foul air (also known as Bad Air) is the lesser known, not as often considered danger of caving. Foul air is a build up of carbon dioxide to a concentration of above 1% of the air (The normal …

Many have debated the sources of bad air in caves. Caves that flood may have 02 depletion and C02 production from bacterial digestion of organic matter . In Texas there are some karst …

Foul air, sometimes called ‘bad air’, is an atmosphere which has a noticeable, abnormal physiological effect on humans. In limestone caves, foul air can be described as air containing …

An inexpensive butane lighter can indicate the underground presence of invisible, odorless, carbon dioxide and can help cave visitors avoid death by asphyxiation. Many years ago I had …