Dec 9, 2019 · Given the continuously growing implications of cGAS and RLRs, the key ‘problem’ of nucleic acid immunity — how sensors of cytosolic nucleic acids can operate safely in the context of a healthy...

The presence of nucleic acids in the cytosol alerts the cell to viral infection or damaged self. The oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) proteins and cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) are enzymes that detect this danger and promote antiviral immunity.

Apr 30, 2021 · cGAS (also known as C6orf150, or male abnormal 21 domain containing 1 (MAB21D1)) is located on chromosome 6q13 and encodes a protein with 522 amino acids in human. Mechanistically, cGAS...

Mar 25, 2025 · Mechanistic studies revealed that antibody binding to nucleic acids activated the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), thereby stimulating immune signaling and cGAS-dependent cytotoxicity.

Despite the structural similarity between those and host nucleic acids, mammalian cells have been able to evolve powerful innate immune signaling pathways that originate from the detection of cytosolic nucleic acid species, one of the most prominent being the cGAS-STING pathway for DNA and the RLR-MAVS pathway for RNA, respectively.

cGAS can be antagonised by nucleic acids, including synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides and circular RNAs. In mice, intraperitoneal administration of a supODN prevents cGAS activation in the brain after ischaemic stroke (Li et al, 2020).

May 5, 2015 · We present comprehensive comparative evolutionary analysis of cGAS and OAS1 primate sequences and observe positive selection at nucleic acid binding interfaces and distributed throughout both genes.

The cGAS-STING pathway, activated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), plays a key role in autoimmune responses. The cGAS protein senses pathogenic DNA and synthesizes cGAMP, which induces conformational changes in STING, activating kinases IKK and TBK1 and leading to the expression of interferon genes or inflammatory mediators.

Jul 25, 2013 · The nucleotidyl transferase cGAS, its second-messenger product cGAMP, and the cGAMP sensor STING form the basic mechanism of DNA sensing in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells.

Feb 6, 2020 · Studies have confirmed the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)–mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) axis and the cGAS–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis as …