Dec 30, 2014 · We call the state created by these Muslim conquests the Caliphate, from the Arabic word Khalifa, which means both “successor” (to the leadership of Prophet Muhammad) …

Mar 15, 2025 · In the mid 12th century, the Abbasids began to reassert their political authority over Mesopotamia and part of western Iran. The Abbasid caliph al-Mustanjid formally declared independence from the Seljuks in 1165. The caliph who issued this coin, al-Mustansir, ruled from 1226 to 1242 and was the next-to-last Abbasid caliph to rule from Baghdad.

Sep 5, 2007 · The "standing-caliph" coin was only minted for three years (74-77 AH / 693-697 CE) before giving way to a wholly aniconic form, that is, engraved only with words and no images at all; now quotations from the Qur'an proclaiming God's Oneness and Muḥammad's mission replace the standing figure. The period of experimentation to find an aesthetic ...

The Umayyad Caliphate, established in 661 CE, marked a significant era in Islamic history.

It has been suggested that ’Abd al-Malik created the ‘Standing Caliph’ figure in response to a solidus coin issued in Constantinople by his great rival, the Byzantine emperor Justinian II. Recent research, however, has questioned this interpretation.

Abd al-Malik is shown here dressed in traditional Arab head-dress and robes and holding a sword. Around the margin is the Islamic profession of faith, the shahada. Image of a Byzantine cross on steps. The Arabic legend around it contains the date, AH 76.

The Standing Caliph coinage of the late seventh century has a unique place in Islamic numismatics and in the early history of the Umayyad empire. It is arguably the first truly ‘Islamic’ copper coinage, but it is very different to all later Islamic coinage in …

“Standing Caliph” copper coin (fals) minted in Amman (present-day Jordan), ca. 70 AH/690 CE. The “Standing Caliph” copper coin represents a decisive moment in the self-definition and self-representation of nascent Islam through both images and text.

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Within the series of the Umayyad Standing Caliph coins minted in the end of the seventh century, the coins of al-Jazîra hold an extraordinary After a short introduction to the Standing Caliph coinage the authors focus of al-JazTra and try to explain their unusual features.