$\mathrm{CO_2}$ has the bond angle of $173.0^\circ$ (actual radian value calculated, $3.01907054$) with nuclear effects being taken into account. See Anderson, Kelly & Mielke, …

I noticed that most CO2 cutter bed sizes are small; is that the only way to minimize this issue? I am attempting to understand the equations on page 5 (Propagation Characteristics of Laser …

Sep 15, 2021 · It implies an ideal bond angle for water be a tetrahedral angle. This is false. The ideal angle would be 90° as my answer highlights. This can be seen when comparing heavier …

Nov 9, 2022 · Here's a simple classical model of a carbon dioxide molecule: This gif illustrates the "bending mode" vibration. If the carbon atom moves a small distance …

Mar 9, 2016 · "Racer" is the operative word here. I would wager most street guys (which is the angle I'm coming from) use a very basic boost control system. If your a racer, I would most …

Feb 18, 2020 · Linear B-A-B molecules cannot be polar. i.e. cannot have a permanent electric dipole for symmetry reasons. Stated plainly, the electronic displacement from A atom towards …

Aug 23, 2021 · There are three modes here but actually triatomic linear molecule have 4 vibrational modes (e.g. CO2). So where does that remaining one mode? Or is it four …

Dec 31, 2014 · Here I am using angle brackets ($\langle \rangle $) to represent the "mean value" of what's inside. And note that all the velocities here are vectors, so I am using the absolute …

$\begingroup$ After thinking about it since my comment, I think the reason is because 1) the beam spot can be diffusely reflected only a few cm from someone's eye if they are in the right …

Lasers are pumped, so that many electrons already have excited states.In such a situation, when a photon passes through the active material, it's unlikely to be absorbed because there's not …