CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells.

The CD1 molecules bind and present amphipathic lipid antigens for recognition by T-cell receptors.

Here, we summarize the molecular properties of the CD1 isoforms, their lipid antigens, and CD1-restricted T cells, with particular focus on CD1a. We then discuss the roles that CD1a-reactive T cells play in several diseases.

CD1 molecules are cell surface glycoproteins expressed mainly by white blood cells, including B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). They consist of two chains: β 2 microglobulin (β 2 m), also found in MHC class I molecules, and a heavy chain containing three extracellular domains (α1–α3).

The CD1 proteins are a family of non-polymorphic, MHC class I-related molecules that present lipid antigens to subsets of T lymphocytes with innate- or adaptive-like immune functions. Recent studies have provided new insight into the identity of ...

Class I-like CD1 molecules are in a family of antigen-presenting molecules that bind lipids and lipopeptides, rather than peptides for immune surveillance by T cells. Since CD1 lacks the high degree of polymorphism found in their major ...

Jan 1, 2003 · Crystal structures have been determined for two CD1 proteins. These show that the mouse CD1d antigen-binding groove has two pockets, which can accommodate lipids with an overall length of up to...

Jul 25, 2016 · We describe the central conundrum of CD1 evolution, the genomic location of CD1 genes in the MHC and/or MHC paralogous regions in different animals, considering the three models of evolutionary history that have been proposed.

Oct 30, 2017 · The human cluster of differentiation (CD)1 system for antigen display is comprised of four types of antigen-presenting molecules, each with a distinct functional niche: CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d.

The CD1 molecules bind and present amphipathic lipid antigens for recognition by T-cell receptors. Here, we outline the recent advances in our understanding of how the processes of CD1 assembly, trafficking, lipid-antigen binding and T-cell activation are achieved and the new insights into how lipid antigens differentially elicit CD1-restricted ...