CCL2 mRNA expression levels are dramatically increased in both the spinal cord and brain and CCL2 protein expression levels are significantly upregulated in the brain during the relapsing phase of MS.

In MS, CNS inflammation is associated with demyelination and axonal degeneration, which leads to clinical presentation. Expression and cellular localization of CCL2/MCP-1 and CCR2 in MS have been described in the three compartments: brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood.

In this review, we focus on the distinctive and complementary contributions of CCR5 and CCR2/CCL2 in HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, liver fibrosis and associated hepatocellular carcinoma. The emerging therapeutic approaches based on the inhibition of these chemokine axes are highlighted.

Jan 6, 2021 · Studies in animal models of MS particularly experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have indicated the critical roles of chemokines in the pathophysiology of MS. In the current review, we summarize the data regarding the role of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL13 in the pathogenesis of MS.

Jun 15, 2013 · Chemokine CCL2, a member of the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) family, and its receptor CCR2 have been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. With respect to chronic neuroinflammation, a critical role for …

Aug 23, 2014 · We propose that the divergent expression of CCL2 and CCR2 in WML and GML explains or contributes to the differences in WML and GML formation in MS. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Hippocampus, Monocyte chemotactic protein-1, Microglia, Astrocyte, Proliferation.

Jun 1, 2006 · Increased levels of IL-6 (p < 0.05) and decreased levels of CCL2 (p < 0.001), with the lowest levels during acute relapses, was found in CSF from patients with relapsing–remitting MS. CSF levels of CCL2 correlated with indices for intrathecal IgG production and the CSF level of the neurofilament light protein, a marker for axonal damage ...

Oct 17, 2020 · Observe the expression of CCL2 in different genotypes of PBCLs CCL2-2518A/G PBMCs under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide to study the correlation between CCL2-2518A/G polymorphism and the pathogenesis of MS and its effect on CCL2 expression.

In order to ascertain whether different types and stage of disease correlate with a varying level of chemokines, the levels of CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL5 were measured in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the MS patients.

Aug 4, 2008 · The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1/CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 have been strongly implicated in disease pathogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), whereas data on the CCL2–CCR2 axis are scarce in MS.