Anaphylatoxins, or complement peptides, are fragments (C3a, C4a and C5a) that are produced as part of the activation of the complement system. [2] Complement components C3, C4 and C5 are large glycoproteins that have important functions in the immune response and host defense. [3]

C3a is a 77 residue anaphylatoxin that binds to the C3a receptor (C3aR), a class A G protein-coupled receptor. It plays a large role in the immune response. C3a molecules induce responses through the GPCR C3a receptor.

C3a is the smaller fragment that is released into the surrounding fluids. C3a can bind to receptors on basophils and mast cells triggering them to release their vasoactive amines (e.g. histamine). Because of the role of these biomarkers in anaphylaxis, C3a is called an anaphylatoxin.

Jan 15, 2021 · C3a is short for Complement Component 3a. It’s a small fragment of the very large and better-known C3. Since C3a is involved in triggering serious, anaphylactic allergic reactions, it is referred to as an “anaphylatoxin”. C3 and C3a are essential for arming the immune system with antibodies to fight microbes.

The pathogenesis of some kidney diseases is closely associated with complement activation, where the C3a/C3a receptor (C3aR) might play a crucial role. C3a/C3aR has dual roles and may exert anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects depending on …

C3a may refer to: C3a (complement) C3a receptor; C 3 A, or 3CaO·Al 2 O 3, tricalcium aluminate in cement chemist notation, one of the 4 mineral phases of the Portland clinker

Apr 15, 2015 · In this article, we reinvestigate the discovery and original classification of C3a as a proinflammatory mediator and highlight the emerging studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects for C3a in the immune response.

C3a drives pro-inflammatory signaling and chemotaxis through binding to its downstream receptor, C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (C3aR), and is considered the only ligand for C3aR [51]. As an important neuroinflammation marker, C3aR is highly expressed in microglia and is a key component of the C3/C3a complement cascade response [52,53] .

In the cascade reaction of complement activation, C3 convertase cleaves C3 to produce C3a and C3b (6). In mammals, C3a is also known as anaphylatoxin, and it is derived from the N-terminal region of C3 α chain (15). C3a consists of 74-78 amino acids and molecule weight is approximately 10 kDa (15).

C3a is an anaphylatoxin that triggers a response by stimulating inflammatory cells to release histamine, enzymes, cytokines and other mediators.